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1.
Acta otorrinolaringol. cir. cuello (En línea) ; 51(2): 137-142, 20230000. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1442499

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el papel clave del olfato, antiguo sistema sensorial, es proporcionar información sobre las sustancias químicas en el medio ambiente. El olfato desempeña un papel en la detección de compuestos peligrosos, el mantenimiento de la nutrición, el comportamiento interpersonal, la salud neurológica y la sensación de placer, entre otras funciones. En consecuencia, la disfunción olfativa puede conducir a un riesgo de lesiones, desnutrición, aislamiento social y una mala calidad de vida. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una exploración bibliográfica y se identificaron artículos de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión definidos y se tomaron aquellos con calidad en la evidencia. Discusión: el sistema olfativo humano tiene diferencias anatómicas, fisiológicas y genéticas considerables con respecto al de otros mamíferos. Conclusiones: las destrezas olfativas varían con factores como la edad, el sexo, la etapa de desarrollo, ciertas enfermedades otorrinolaringológicas y enfermedades generales.


Introduction: The key role of the ancient olfactory sensory system is to provide information about chemicals in the environment. Smell plays a role in the detection of dangerous compounds, the maintenance of nutrition, interpersonal behavior, neurological health, and the sensation of pleasure, among other functions. Consequently, olfactory dysfunction can lead to a risk of injury, malnutrition, social isolation, and a poor quality of life. Materials and methods: A bibliographical exploration was carried out and articles were identified according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined and those with quality evidence were taken. Discussion: The human olfactory system has considerable anatomical, physiological, and genetic differences from that of other mammals. Conclusions: Olfactory skills vary with factors such as age, sex, stage of development, certain ear, nose and throat diseases and general diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Smell , Otolaryngologists , Olfactory Nerve , Receptors, Odorant
2.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 7(2): 154-162, 20230600. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1509845

ABSTRACT

Os distúrbios do olfato (DO) impactam de forma significativa na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos, e o conhecimento teórico a respeito do assunto deve ser de domínio dos alergologistas e imunologistas clínicos, possibilitando, assim, o seu diagnóstico e implementação de intervenções. Suas causas podem ser variadas, entre elas estão: rinite alérgica, rinossinusite crônica com ou sem pólipos, infecções de vias aéreas superiores, exposição a substâncias químicas, doenças neurológicas, drogas, traumas e o próprio envelhecimento. O olfato pode ser avaliado e mensurado através de testes com metodologias diferentes, cujo objetivo é avaliar parâmetros como a identificação de odores, limiar e discriminação olfativa. Esses testes são de fundamental importância para caracterizar objetivamente a queixa do paciente, como também avaliar o olfato antes e após determinada aplicação terapêutica. O tratamento das desordens olfativas é baseado em sua etiologia, portanto determinar a sua causa é indispensável para uma melhor eficácia no manejo. Entre as principais opções estão os corticoides tópicos, com impacto significativo nos pacientes com doença sinusal associada, treinamento olfatório e outras intervenções como ômega 3, vitamina A intranasal, e terapias que ainda requerem mais estudos.


Olfactory dysfunction significantly impacts quality of life, and allergists and clinical immunologists must be informed about it for diagnostic and interventional purposes. The causes are varied: allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with or without polyps, upper airway infections, exposure to chemicals, neurological diseases, drugs, trauma, and aging itself. Olfactory function can be evaluated and measured by several tests that use different methodologies to evaluate and identify odors, olfactory threshold, and olfactory discrimination. These tests are fundamental for objectively characterizing patient complaints and evaluating olfactory function before and after therapeutic interventions. Olfactory disorders are treated according to their etiology, so determining their cause is a major factor in treatment efficacy. The main options include topical corticosteroids, which have a significant impact on patients with sinus disease, olfactory training, other therapies (such as omega 3 and intranasal vitamin A), in addition to therapies that require further research.


Subject(s)
Humans , Fatty Acids, Omega-3 , COVID-19
3.
Evid. actual. práct. ambul ; 26(1): e007036, 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1427469

ABSTRACT

El olfato desempeña una función importante en el desarrollo diario de la vida de las personas. Sus alteraciones pueden ser cualitativas (disosmias, parosmias o fantosmias) y cuantitativas (hiposmia o anosmia). Estas alteraciones pueden deberse por enfermedades rinosinusales, neurodegenerativas o infecciones respiratorias como el resfriado común, la gripe y también el SARS-CoV-2, el agente causal del COVID-19. En relación a esta etiología, su fisiopatología no es del todo clara y la anosmia es poco distinguible clínicamente del resto de las infecciones virales, con una duración variable desde ocho días hasta más de cuatro semanas, en cuyo caso se denomina síndrome pos-COVID-19 o COVID prolongado. Este cuadro se caracteriza por la presencia de síntomas que se desarrollan durante la enfermedad aguda por COVID-19,y que persisten durante más de cuatro semanas, sin explicación por un diagnóstico alternativo. El autor de este artículo realiza una revisión de la literatura médica a partir de un caso clínico con el fin de identificar y resumir la evidencia disponible sobre la terapia de rehabilitación olfatoria. (AU)


Sense of smell plays an important role in the daily development of people's lives. Its alterations can be both qualitative (dysosmias, parosmias, or phantosmias) and quantitative (hyposmia or anosmia). These alterations may be due to rhinosi-nusal diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and respiratory infections such as common cold, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2,causative agent of COVID-19. In relation to this etiology, its pathophysiology is not entirely clear, and anosmia is clinically indistinguishable from the rest of the viral infections, with a variable duration ranging from eight days to more than four weeks, in which case it would be called post COVID- 19 syndrome or prolonged COVID. This condition is characterized by the presence of symptoms that develop during acute COVID-19 illness and persist for more than four weeks without an explanation by an alternative diagnosis.The author of this article carries out a review of the medical literature based on a clinical case in order to identify and summarize the available evidence on olfactory rehabilitation therapy. (AU)


Subject(s)
Anosmia/rehabilitation , Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/rehabilitation , Olfactory Training/methods
4.
Iatreia ; 35(4)dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534601

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: identificar la presentación clínica y los factores asociados a la anosmia y ageusia en pacientes con la COVID-19 en un centro de salud de una provincia del Perú en el período de 2020-2021. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico a través de los datos del programa COVID-19 del Policlínico Essalud de Jauja - Perú. Se detallaron características sociodemográficas, sintomatología y comorbilidades de los pacientes. A través de un análisis bivariado se identificó los factores asociados a la anosmia y ageusia. Resultados: se identificó a 356 pacientes: 53,1 % fueron mujeres, la edad media fue 48,7 años (±17,8) y 261 (73,3 %) con COVID-19 leve. Del total, el 22,2 % presentó anosmia y 19,9 % ageusia; de los cuales la mayoría fueron menores de 65 años y del sexo femenino. Presentaron síntomas asociados un 86,1 % de los pacientes con anosmia y un 83,1% con ageusia. Los principales factores asociados a la anosmia fueron: la edad menor a 65 años (p=0,027), tos (p<0,001), cefalea (p<0,001), disnea (p<0,001), congestión nasal (p<0,001) y fiebre (p<0,001); y a la ageusia: edad menor a 65 años (p=0,006), tos (p=0,001), cefalea (p<0,001), disnea (p<0,001), congestión nasal (p<0,001) y diarrea (p<0,001). Conclusiones: la anosmia y ageusia son síntomas frecuentes de la COVID-19. La mayoría de pacientes presentaron estos síntomas asociados a los síntomas comunes. Gran parte de los que presentaban anosmia presentaron congestión nasal por lo que es recomendable considerar diferenciarlos al momento de realizar el diagnóstico.


Summary Objective: To identify the clinical presentation and factors associated with anosmia and ageusia in patients with COVID-19 in a health center in a province of Peru for the period 2020-2021. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study through data from the COVID-19 program of the Essalud Polyclinic in Jauja, Peru. Sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms and comorbidities of the patients were detailed. A bivariate analysis identified the factors associated with anosmia and ageusia. Results: 356 patients were identified: 53.1 % were women, mean age was 48.7 years (±17.8) and 261 (73.3%) with mild COVID-19. Of the total, 22.2% had anosmia and 19.9% ageusia; of which the majority were under 65 and female. Associated symptoms were found in 86.1% of patients with anosmia and 83.1% with ageusia. The main factors associated with anosmia were age younger than 65 years (p=0.027), cough (p<0.001), headache (p<0.001), dyspnea (p<0.001), nasal congestion (p<0.001) and fever (p<0.001); and ageusia: age younger than 65 years (p=0.006), cough (p=0.001), headache (p<0.001), dyspnea (p<0.001), nasal congestion (p<0.001) and diarrhea (p<0.001). Conclusion: Anosmia and ageusia are common symptoms of COVID-19. Most patients had these symptoms associated with common symptoms. Many of those who had anosmia had nasal congestion, so it is advisable to consider differentiating them when making the diagnosis.

5.
Psychol. av. discip ; 16(2)dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535031

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo general identificar la asociación entre las alteraciones olfativas y el reconocimiento emocional en un grupo de pacientes con diagnóstico de traumatismo craneoencefálico. Fue desarrollada bajo un enfoque cuantitativo con diseño no experimental, en donde fueron evaluados 10 pacientes con antecedente de trauma craneoencefálico moderado y severo junto a 10 participantes controles sin daño cerebral. Para las variables sexo, edad y escolaridad los resultados fueron muy similares entre los grupos, con edades promedio de 26 años; la población fue predominantemente masculina, y la mayoría tenía grado de educación superior. En las pruebas de reconocimiento emocional, el grupo control logró un desempeño superior al grupo de casos. Adicionalmente, el grupo control logró mejor capacidad en las pruebas olfativas que el grupo de casos. Se encontró una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre los resultados del reconocimiento emocional y la variable olfativa en el grupo de casos, lo que permite identificar el rol que estructuras del sistema cerebral topográfica y funcionalmente pueden estar participando del procesamiento; a su vez, abre perspectivas de estudios a futuro, en especial a modelos de intervención en los grupos clínicos con afectación por el traumatismo craneoencefálico.


The general objective of this study was to "identify the association between emotional recognition and olfactory alterations in a group of patients with SCD". It was developed under a quantitative approach with nonexperimental design, in which 10 patients with a history of moderate and severe cranioencephalic trauma were evaluated along with 10 control participants without brain damage. For the variables sex, age and schooling the results were very similar among the groups, with average ages of 26 years, the population was predominantly male and most had higher education. In the tests of emotional recognition the control group achieved a superior performance to the group of cases. In addition, the control group achieved better capacity in olfactory tests than the group of cases. A statistically significant correlation was found between the emotional recognition results and the olfactory variable in the group of cases, which allows the identification of the role that topographic and functional brain system structures may be involved in processing; In turn, it opens prospects for future studies especially to intervention models in clinical groups affected by head trauma.

6.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 88(5): 725-732, Sept.-Oct. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403926

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Olfactory changes are quite common in the population, causing a significant impact on the quality of life. Documentation of the olfactory function is essential for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with inflammatory diseases of the upper airways, neurodegenerative diseases or viral infections. Among the different existing smell tests, the CCCRC is an inexpensive test, easy to apply, but it has not yet been evaluated on a large scale in the Brazilian population. Objective To validate the CCCRC smell test, after adaptation for the Brazilian population, evaluating the performance of healthy volunteers and the stability of the test in retests. Methods In this study, we carried out a cultural adaptation of the CCCRC test to Brazil. To validate and determine the normality scores, we applied the test to 334 healthy volunteers, aged >18 years of age. The retest was also carried out in up to four weeks on 34 additional volunteers to assess validity of the results. Results When evaluating the participants' performance, normosmia and mild hyposmia values were obtained in more than 95% of them. Women (58.4%) showed better accuracy than men (41.6%): p < 0.02, and individuals over 60 years of age showed worse performance (median: 6; 75th percentile: 6.5; 25th percentile). The test and retest of the 34 volunteers demonstrated that there was agreement (ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient) considered good in the left nostril (ICC = 0.65) and excellent in the right nostril (ICC = 0.77) in the combined score. Conclusion The CCCRC test adapted to Brazil showed normal values, similar to the originally-described test and validations in other countries, with a high reproducibility rate. Considering the highly favorable cost-benefit ratio, the adapted CCCRC is a very useful tool for measuring olfactory function in the Brazilian population.


Resumo Introdução Alterações olfativas são bastante comuns na população, causam significativo impacto na qualidade de vida. A documentação da função olfatória é fundamental para o diagnóstico, tratamento e seguimento de pacientes que cursam com doenças inflamatórias das vias aéreas superiores, neurodegenerativas ou infecções virais. Entre os diferentes testes de olfato existentes, o teste do Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) é barato, de fácil aplicação, mas que ainda não foi avaliado em grande escala para a população brasileira. Objetivo Validar o teste de olfato CCCRC com adaptação para a população brasileira, avaliar o desempenho de voluntários saudáveis e a estabilidade do teste em retestes. Método Neste estudo fizemos adaptação cultural do teste CCCRC para o Brasil. Para validação e determinação dos escores de normalidade, aplicamos o teste em 334 voluntários saudáveis, com mais de 18 anos. O reteste foi ainda feito em até quatro semanas em 34 voluntários adicionais para avaliar concordância dos resultados. Resultados Avaliando o desempenho dos participantes, valores de normosmia e hiposmia leve foram obtidos em mais de 95% deles. Mulheres (58,4%) apresentaram melhor acurácia em relação aos homens (41,6%), p< 0,02; e indivíduos acima dos 60 anos apresentaram pior desempenho (mediana: 6; percentil 75: 6,5; percentil 25: 5). O teste e reteste dos 34 voluntários demonstrou que houve concordância (coeficiente de correlação intraclasse, CCI) considerada boa em narina esquerda (CCI = 0,65) e excelente em narina direita (CCI = 0,77) no escore combinado. Conclusão O teste CCCRC adaptado para o Brasil apresentou valores de normalidade semelhantes ao teste originalmente descrito e a validações em outros países, com alta taxa de reprodutibilidade. Considerando a relação custo-benefício altamente favorável, o CCCRC adaptado é uma ferramenta muito útil para mensuração da função olfatória na população brasileira.

7.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 88(5): 787-793, Sept.-Oct. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403930

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Olfactory epithelium biopsy has been useful for studying diverse otorhinolaryngological and neurological diseases, including the potential to better understand the pathophysiology behind COVID-19 olfactory manifestations. However, the safety and efficacy of the technique for obtaining human olfactory epithelium are still not fully established. Objective This study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of harvesting olfactory epithelium cells, nerve bundles, and olfactory epithelium proper for morphological analysis from the superior nasal septum. Methods During nasal surgery, 22 individuals without olfactory complaints underwent olfactory epithelium biopsies from the superior nasal septum. The efficacy of obtaining olfactory epithelium, verification of intact olfactory epithelium and the presence of nerve bundles in biopsies were assessed using immunofluorescence. Safety for the olfactory function was tested psychophysically using both unilateral and bilateral tests before and 1 month after the operative procedure. Results Olfactory epithelium was found in 59.1% of the subjects. Of the samples, 50% were of the quality necessary for morphological characterization and 90.9% had nerve bundles. There was no difference in the psychophysical scores obtained in the bilateral olfactory test (University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test [UPSIT®]) between means before biopsy: 32.3 vs. postoperative: 32.5, p= 0.81. Also, no significant decrease occurred in unilateral testing (mean unilateral test scores 6 vs. 6.2, p= 0.46). None out of the 56 different odorant identification significantly diminished (p> 0.05). Conclusion The technique depicted for olfactory epithelium biopsy is highly effective in obtaining neuronal olfactory tissue, but it has moderate efficacy in achieving samples useful for morphological analysis. Olfactory sensitivity remained intact.


Resumo Introdução A biópsia do epitélio olfatório tem sido útil para estudar diversas doenças otorrinolaringológicas e neurológicas, incluindo seu potencial para melhor compreender a fisiopatologia por trás das manifestações olfatórias na COVID‐19. No entanto, a segurança e eficácia da técnica de obtenção de epitélio olfatório humano ainda não estão totalmente estabelecidas. Objetivos Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a segurança e eficácia da coleta de células do epitélio olfatório, feixes nervosos e epitélio olfatório adequados para análise morfológica, no septo nasal superior. Método Durante a cirurgia nasal, 22 indivíduos sem queixas olfatórias foram submetidos a biópsias de epitélio olfatório do septo nasal superior. A eficácia da obtenção de epitélio olfatório, a verificação de epitélio olfatório íntegro e a presença de feixes nervosos nas biópsias foram avaliadas por imunofluorescência. A segurança da função olfatória foi testada psicofisicamente usando testes unilaterais e bilaterais antes e um mês após o procedimento cirúrgico. Resultados Epitélio olfatório foi encontrado em 59,1% dos sujeitos. Das amostras, 50% apresentaram a qualidade necessária para a caracterização morfológica e 90,9% continham feixes nervosos. Não houve diferença nos escores psicofísicos obtidos no teste olfatório bilateral (University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test [UPSIT®]) entre as médias antes da biópsia: 32,3 vs. pós‐operatório: 32,5, p = 0,81. Além disso, nenhuma diminuição significante ocorreu no teste unilateral (escore médio do teste unilateral 6 vs. 6,2, p = 0,46). Não houve redução significante na identificação de nenhum dos 56 odorantes diferentes (p > 0,05). Conclusão A técnica descrita para biópsia de epitélio olfatório é altamente eficaz na obtenção de tecido olfatório neuronal, mas tem eficácia moderada na obtenção de amostras adequadas para análise morfológica. A capacidade olfativa permaneceu intacta.

8.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 88(5): 794-802, Sept.-Oct. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403933

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction SARS-CoV-2 is the pathogen of COVID-19. The virus is composed of the spike, membrane and envelope. On physiological smell, odoriferous substances bind to proteins secreted by sustentacular cells in order to be processed by olfactory receptor neurons. Olfactory disorder is one of the main manifestations of COVID-19, however, research is still required to clarify the mechanism involved in SARS-CoV-2 induced anosmia. Objective This article aims to analyze current scientific evidence intended to elucidate the pathophysiological relationship between COVID-19 and the cause of olfactory disorders. Methods Pubmed, Embase, Scopus and ScienceDirect were used to compose this article. The research was conducted on November 24th, 2020. Original articles with experimental studies in human, animal and in vitro, short communications, viewpoint, published in the English language and between 2019 and 2020 were included, all related to the pathophysiological relationship between olfactory disorders and COVID-19 infection. Results Both human cell receptors ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are essential for the SARS-CoV-2 entrance. These receptors are mostly present in the olfactory epithelium cells, therefore, the main hypothesis is that anosmia is caused due to damage to non-neuronal cells which, thereafter, affects the normal olfactory metabolism. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging studies exhibit a relationship between a reduction on the neuronal epithelium and the olfactory bulb atrophy. Damage to non-neuronal cells explains the average recovery lasting a few weeks. This injury can be exacerbated by an aggressive immune response, which leads to damage to neuronal cells and stem cells inducing a persistent anosmia. Conductive anosmia is not sufficient to explain most cases of COVID-19 induced anosmia. Conclusion Olfactory disorders such as anosmia and hyposmia can be caused by COVID-19, the main mechanism is associated with olfactory epithelium damage, targeting predominantly non-neuronal cells. However, neuronal cells can also be affected, worsening the condition of olfactory loss.


Resumo Introdução SARS‐CoV‐2 é o patógeno da Covid‐19. O vírus é composto pela proteína spike (espigão), a membrana e o envelope. No olfato fisiológico, as substâncias odoríferas se ligam a proteínas secretadas pelas células sustentaculares para serem processadas pelos neurônios receptores olfativos. O distúrbio olfativo é uma das principais manifestações da Covid‐19; entretanto, pesquisas ainda são necessárias para esclarecer o mecanismo envolvido na anosmia induzida pela SARS‐CoV‐2. Objetivos Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as evidências científicas atuais destinadas a elucidar a relação fisiopatológica entre a Covid‐19 e a causa dos distúrbios olfativos. Método As bases de dados Pubmed, Embase, Scopus e ScienceDirect foram usadas para compor este artigo. A pesquisa foi feita em 24 de novembro de 2020. Foram incluídos artigos originais com estudos experimentais em seres humanos, animais e estudos in vitro, comunicações breves, pontos de vista, publicados na língua inglesa e entre 2019 e 2020, todos relacionados à relação fisiopatológica entre distúrbios olfativos e infecção por Covid‐19. Resultados Ambos os receptores de células humanas ACE2 e TMPRSS2 são essenciais para a penetração do SARS‐CoV‐2. Esses receptores estão presentes principalmente nas células do epitélio olfativo; portanto, a principal hipótese é que a anosmia é causada por lesão de células não neuronais que, a partir daí, afeta o metabolismo olfativo normal. Além disso, estudos de ressonância magnética mostram uma relação entre a redução do epitélio neuronal e a atrofia do bulbo olfatório. Danos às células não neuronais explicam o tempo médio de recuperação, que demora algumas semanas. Essa lesão pode ser exacerbada por uma resposta imune agressiva, que leva a danos às células neuronais e células‐tronco, induz uma anosmia persistente. A anosmia condutiva não é suficiente para explicar a maioria dos casos de anosmia induzida por Covid‐19. Conclusão Distúrbios olfativos como anosmia e hiposmia podem ser causados pela Covid‐19 e o principal mecanismo está associado à lesão do epitélio olfativo, tem como alvo células predominantemente não neuronais. Porém, células neuronais também podem ser afetadas, o que piora o quadro de perda olfativa.

9.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 80(9): 908-913, Sept. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420249

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Hyposmia is one of the most common, as well as the first nonmotor condition in Parkinson disease (PD). The sniffin sticks test (SST) evaluates three different aspects of olfactory function: threshold (T), discrimination (D), and identification (I). The sum of the scores of these three subtests produce a global score of olfaction, the Threshold-Discrimination-Identification (TDI) score. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate if the TDI score or one of its subtests is better to discriminate PD patients from controls. Methods We recruited 27 PD patients and 17 healthy age-matched controls (HC) who were evaluated through a clinical interview, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Movement Disorders Society - Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale. The olfaction was assessed using the complete SST. Results The performance of PD patients on the olfactory test was significantly worse when compared with the HC (T: 3.0 vs. 6.5, p < 0.001; D: 8.1 vs. 11.2, p <0.001; I: 7.3 vs. 11.7, p < 0.001; TDI: 18.8 vs. 29.9, p < 0.001). The prevalence of olfaction impairment in our study (PD: 100%, and HC: 56%) was greater than that found in the literature. Cognition influenced the performance on TDI. The olfactory subtests were impaired proportionally between patients and controls. Furthermore, D and I were correlated, but only in PD patients. The TDI showed a tendency to better discriminate PD patients from HC, when compared with its subtests. Conclusions Although the complete olfactory evaluation is time consuming, it seems to be a superior tool to identify olfaction impairment in PD patients, when compared with the isolated subtests.


Resumo Antecendentes Hiposmia é um dos sintomas mais comuns da doença de Parkinson (DP), além de ser um de seus primeiros sintomas não-motores. O Sniffin Sticks Test avalia três diferentes aspectos da função olfatória: limiar (L), discriminação (D) e identificação (I). A soma dos escores desses três subtestes produz um escore global do olfato, o Threshold-Discrimination-Identification (TDI). Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar se oTDI ou um de seus subtestes seria melhor em discriminar pacientes com DP de controles saudáveis. Métodos Foram recrutados 27 pacientes com DP e 17 controles saudáveis de mesma faixa etária, que foram avaliados através de uma entrevista clínica, a Montreal Cognitive Assessment e Movement Disorders Society - Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale. O olfato foi examinado através da bateria completa do Sniffin Sticks Test (SST). Resultados Os pacientes com DP tiveram pior performance no teste olfatório quando comparados com os controles (L: 3,0 vs. 6,5; p < 0,001; D: 8,1 vs. 11,2; p <0,001; I: 7,3 vs. 11,7; p <0,001; TDI: 18,8 vs. 29,9; p < 0,001). A prevalência de comprometimento olfatório no nosso estudo (DP: 100%, e controles: 56%) foi maior do que a reportada na literatura. A cognição influenciou a performance no TDI. Os subtestes olfatórios foram afetados proporcionalmente entre pacientes e controles. Além disso, D e I se correlacionaram, mas apenas em pacientes de DP. O TDI mostrou uma tendência em melhor discriminar pacientes de DP dos controles, quando comparado com os seus subtestes. Conclusões Embora a avaliação olfatória completa consuma tempo, ela parece ser superior aos subtestes isolados para identificar comprometimento olfatório em pacientes com DP.

10.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 119(2): 319-325, ago. 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1383752

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento: Sabe-se que a inflamação desempenha um papel crucial em muitas doenças, incluindo a COVID-19. Objetivo: Utilizando a dilatação fluxo-mediada (DFM), objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da inflamação na função endotelial de pacientes com COVID-19. Métodos: Este estudo foi realizado com um total de 161 indivíduos, dos quais 80 foram diagnosticados com COVID-19 nos últimos seis meses (48 mulheres e 32 homens com idade média de 32,10±5,87 anos) e 81 eram controles saudáveis (45 mulheres e 36 homens com idade média de 30,51±7,33 anos). Os achados do ecocardiograma transtorácico e da DFM foram analisados em todos os indivíduos. Resultados com p<0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significantes. Resultados: O ecocardiograma e a DFM do grupo COVID-19 foram realizados 35 dias (intervalo: 25-178) após o diagnóstico. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nos parâmetros ecocardiográficos. Em contraste, a DFM (%) foi significativamente maior no grupo controle (9,52±5,98 versus 12,01±6,18; p=0,01). Na análise multivariada com o modelo stepwise progressivo, a DFM foi significativamente diferente no grupo controle em relação ao grupo COVID-19 (1,086 (1,026-1,149), p=0,04). O teste de correlação de Spearman indicou que a DFM (r=0,27; p=0,006) apresentou correlação positiva fraca com a presença de COVID-19. Conclusão: Os achados deste estudo apontam para disfunção endotelial induzida por COVID-19, avaliada por DFM, na fase inicial de recuperação.


Abstract Background: Inflammation is known to play a crucial role in many diseases, including COVID-19. Objective: Using flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), we aimed to assess the effects of inflammation on endothelial function in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This study was conducted with a total of 161 subjects, of whom 80 were diagnosed with COVID-19 within the last six months (comprising 48 women and 32 men with a mean age of 32.10 ± 5.87 years) and 81 were healthy controls (comprising 45 women and 36 men with a mean age of 30.51 ± 7.33 years). We analyzed the findings of transthoracic echocardiography and FMD in all subjects. All results were considered statistically significant at the level of p < 0.05. Results: The echocardiography and FMD of the COVID-19 group were performed 35 days (range: 25-178) after diagnosis. There was no statistically significant difference in echocardiographic parameters. Differently, FMD (%) was significantly higher in the control group (9.52 ± 5.98 vs. 12.01 ± 6.18, p=0.01). In multivariate analysis with the forward stepwise model, FMD was significantly different in the control group compared to the COVID-19 group (1.086 (1.026 - 1.149), p=0.04). A Spearman's correlation test indicated that FMD (r=0.27, p=0.006) had a weak positive correlation with the presence of COVID-19. Conclusion: Our findings point to COVID-19-induced endothelial dysfunction, as assessed by FMD, in the early recovery phase.

11.
Investig. psicol. (La Paz, En línea) ; (28): 209-222, jun. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385977

ABSTRACT

La psicología frente al olfato puede constituirse en una alternativa para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas que han sufrido trastornos olfativos a causa de la pandemia de la Covid-19, en tal sentido a nivel mundial se van conformando equipos interdisciplinares para brindar alternativas científicas globales con diferentes perspectivas profesionales, es así que esta disciplina tiene la oportunidad y el reto de vincularse a estos equipos de alto nivel, fortaleciendo la perspectiva del entrenamiento olfativo clásico del área médica, y matizarlo con los criterios técnicos de la psicología del tercer milenio, y así tratar de disminuir las secuelas de esta enfermedad y ampliar las esperanzas de las personas de cualquier parte del mundo que sufren estos deterioros sensoriales.


Psychology against smell can become an alternative to improve the quality of life of people who have suffered olfactory disorders due to the Covid-19 pandemic, in this sense, interdisciplinary teams are being formed worldwide to provide scientific alternatives groups with different professional perspectives, so this discipline has the opportunity and the challenge of being linked to these high-level teams, strengthening the perspective of classical olfactory training in the medical area, and qualifying it with the technical criteria of the psychology of the third millennium, and thus try to reduce the consequences of this disease and expand the hopes of people from any part of the world who suffer from these sensory impairments.


A psicologia contra o olfato pode se tornar uma alternativa para melhorar a qualidade de vida de pessoas que sofreram distúrbios olfativos devido à pandemia de Covid-19, nesse sentido, equipes interdisciplinares estão sendo formadas em todo o mundo para fornecer alternativas científicas a grupos com diferentes perspectivas profissionais. disciplina tem a oportunidade e o desafio de estar vinculada a essas equipes de alto nível, fortalecendo a perspectiva da formação olfativa clássica na área médica, e qualificando-a com os critérios técnicos da psicologia do terceiro milênio, e assim tentar reduzir o consequências desta doença e ampliar as esperanças de pessoas de qualquer parte do mundo que sofrem com essas deficiências sensoriais.


Subject(s)
Smell , COVID-19
12.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 82(2): 155-162, jun. 2022. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389847

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El olfato tiene una gran importancia en la calidad de vida. Los accesos quirúrgicos selares pueden realizarse por vía transcraneal, transeptal y transnasal, y pueden generar hiposmia al incluir resecciones que afectan a la mucosa olfatoria. Objetivo: Determinar la existencia de alteración persistente en el olfato ocasionado por los accesos quirúrgicos transeptal y transnasal en pacientes operados por adenoma hipofisiario en el Instituto de Neurocirugía Dr. Asenjo. Material y Método: Estudio prospectivo de cohorte con comparación de resultados olfatorios ("sniffin' sticks" versión extendida) y encuesta SNOT-22 pre y poscirugía por adenoma hipofisiario por vía transeptal o transnasal. Se utilizaron medidas estadísticas de comparación de pruebas pareadas paramétricas y no paramétricas según las características de las variables evaluadas. Resultados: Se reclutaron 60 pacientes, completando el seguimiento 39. En 21 se realizó acceso transeptal y en 18 transnasal. Al analizar el total de pacientes y por cada técnica quirúrgica, no hubo diferencias significativas en los puntajes del "sniffin' sticks" versión extendida y tampoco en SNOT-22. Conclusión: La literatura describe incidencia de hiposmia posoperatoria muy variable, entre 0% y 88%, con mediciones subjetivas y objetivas. Existe una predilección por la técnica endoscópica a nivel internacional, por lo que cuenta con estudios de mejor calidad. A nivel nacional existen dos estudios previos que han encontrado tasas de hiposmia posoperatoria de 10% y 14%. En este estudio no hubo diferencias significativas en los puntajes obtenidos en la prueba de olfato entre el pre y posoperatorio.


Introduction: Olfaction is of great importance in quality of life. Surgical accesses to the sellar region can be performed by transcranial, transseptal, and transnasal routes, which can generate hyposmia when including resections that affect the olfactory mucosa. Aim: To determine the existence of persistent alteration in olfaction caused by transseptal and transnasal surgical accesses in patients operated for pituitary adenoma at the Instituto de Neurocirugía Dr. Asenjo. Material and Method: Prospective cohort study with comparison of olfactory results ("sniffin' sticks" extended version) and SNOT-22 survey pre and post transseptal or transnasal surgery for pituitary adenoma. Parametric and non-parametric paired test comparison statistics were used according to the characteristics of the variables evaluated. Results: 60 patients were recruited and 39 completed follow-up. 21 patients underwent transseptal access and 18 underwent transnasal access. When analyzing the total number of patients and for each surgical technique, there were no significant differences in the scores obtained in the "sniffin' sticks" extended version and neither for the SNOT-22. Conclusion: The literature describes a highly variable incidence of postoperative hyposmia, between 0% and 88%, with subjective and objective measurements. There is a predilection for the endoscopic technique at an international level, which is why it has better quality studies. At the national level there are two previous studies that have found postoperative hyposmia rates of 10% and 14%. In this study there were no significant differences in the scores obtained between pre and postoperative olfaction test.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Smell/physiology , Adenoma/surgery , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery , Chile , Prospective Studies , Olfactory Perception , Olfaction Disorders
13.
Int. j. med. surg. sci. (Print) ; 9(2): 1-12, June 2022. tab, ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1512590

ABSTRACT

The alteration of the senses of taste and smell in relation to COVID-19 is a widely known phenomenon; however, this alteration has not been exhaustively characterized in the international literature. The following study is proposed with the aim of describing the alterations in the senses of taste and smell in relation to COVID-19 by means of their subjective evaluation. The nature of the study is observational, descriptive and cross-sectional, and was applied to patients who sought medical attention via remote consultations carried out on virtual platforms of the Service of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery of the Clínicas Hospital, San Lorenzo, between the months of March and October of 2021. We included 440 patients aged 31.3 ± 9.9 years (18 to 60 years), 308 (70%) female, 388 (88%) from urban areas, with evidence of infection by SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR in 260 (59%), predominantly without comorbidities 232 (53%), with fever as the most frequently reported symptom 352 (80%), treated more frequently with NSAIDs 208 (47%) and/or Paracetamol 216 (49%). Both taste and smell alterations in patients who have had COVID-19 have been shown to appear more frequently 1 to 7 days after the onset of symptoms (207 for smell, 184 for taste), occurring more frequently with a total decrease of both senses (anosmia 302 and ageusia 216), recovering completely in most cases (214 and 216) and within a period of 1 to 4 weeks (140 and 130).


La alteración de los sentidos del gusto y del olfato en relación con el COVID-19 es un fenómeno ampliamente conocido, sin embargo, esta alteración no ha sido caracterizada de forma exhaustiva en la literatura internacional. Se plantea el siguiente estudio con el objetivo de describir las alteraciones del sentido del gusto y del olfato en relación con el COVID-19 a través de la evaluación subjetiva del mismo. El mismo es observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, aplicado a pacientes que consultaron a través de teleconsultas realizadas sobre plataformas virtuales de la Cátedra y Servicio de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello del Hospital de Clínicas, de San Lorenzo, durante los meses de marzo a octubre del 2021. Fueron incluidos 440 pacientes de 31,3 ± 9,9 años (18 a 60 años), 308 (70%) de sexo femenino, 388 (88%) provenientes de zona urbana, con evidencia de infección por SARS-CoV-2 por RT-PCR en 260 (59%), predominantemente sin comorbilidades 232 (53%), con fiebre como síntoma asociado al COVID-19 más frecuentemente reportado 352 (80%), tratados más frecuentemente con AINES 208 (47%) y/o Paracetamol 216 (49%). Tanto la alteración del gusto como del olfato en pacientes que han cursado con COVID-19 ha demostrado ser aparecer más frecuentemente en 1 a 7 días del inicio del cuadro (207 para el olfato. 184 para el gusto), cursando más frecuentemente con disminución total de ambos sentidos (anosmia 302 y ageusia 216), recuperándose más frecuentemente de forma total (214 y 216) y en un plazo de 1 a 4 semanas (140 y 130).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Taste Disorders/epidemiology , COVID-19/complications , Olfaction Disorders/epidemiology , Paraguay/epidemiology , Taste Disorders/diagnosis , Taste Disorders/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Urban Area , Ageusia , SARS-CoV-2 , Anosmia , COVID-19/therapy , Sociodemographic Factors , Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis , Olfaction Disorders/etiology
14.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448531

ABSTRACT

La psicología frente al olfato puede constituirse en una alternativa para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas que han sufrido trastornos olfativos a causa de la pandemia de la Covid-19, en tal sentido a nivel mundial se van conformando equipos interdisciplinares para brindar alternativas científicas globales con diferentes perspectivas profesionales, es así que esta disciplina tiene la oportunidad y el reto de vincularse a estos equipos de alto nivel, fortaleciendo la perspectiva del entrenamiento olfativo clásico del área médica, y matizarlo con los criterios técnicos de la psicología del tercer milenio, y así tratar de disminuir las secuelas de esta enfermedad y ampliar las esperanzas de las personas de cualquier parte del mundo que sufren estos deterioros sensoriales.


Psychology against smell can become an alternative to improve the quality of life of people who have suffered olfactory disorders due to the Covid-19 pandemic, in this sense, interdisciplinary teams are being formed worldwide to provide scientific alternatives groups with different professional perspectives, so this discipline has the opportunity and the challenge of being linked to these high-level teams, strengthening the perspective of classical olfactory training in the medical area, and qualifying it with the technical criteria of the psychology of the third millennium, and thus try to reduce the consequences of this disease and expand the hopes of people from any part of the world who suffer from these sensory impairments.


A psicologia contra o olfato pode se tornar uma alternativa para melhorar a qualidade de vida de pessoas que sofreram distúrbios olfativos devido à pandemia de Covid-19, nesse sentido, equipes interdisciplinares estão sendo formadas em todo o mundo para fornecer alternativas científicas a grupos com diferentes perspectivas profissionais. disciplina tem a oportunidade e o desafio de estar vinculada a essas equipes de alto nível, fortalecendo a perspectiva da formação olfativa clássica na área médica, e qualificando-a com os critérios técnicos da psicologia do terceiro milênio, e assim tentar reduzir o consequências desta doença e ampliar as esperanças de pessoas de qualquer parte do mundo que sofrem com essas deficiências sensoriais.

15.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 88(3): 439-444, May-June 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1384162

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction In May 2020, the World Health Organization recognized olfactory dysfunction as a COVID-19 symptom. The presence of hyposmia/anosmia may be a marker of good prognosis in COVID-19. Objective To associate the presence of olfaction disorder to the clinical condition severity in patients with COVID-19. Methods Individuals with the flu syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2, diagnosed from March to June 2020, were recruited. They were divided into three groups: mild flu syndrome, severe flu syndrome (admitted to hospital wards) and critical illness (admitted to the ICU). Inpatients were interviewed by telephone contact after hospital discharge and their medical records were also evaluated regarding complementary test results. Outpatients answered an electronic questionnaire containing only clinical information. Results A total of 261 patients participated in the study: 23.75% with mild flu syndrome, 57.85% with severe flu syndrome and 18.40% with critical illness. A total of 66.28% patients with COVID-19 had olfaction disorders. In approximately 56.58% of the individuals the smell alterations lasted between 9 days and 2 months. There was a significantly higher proportion of individuals with olfactory dysfunction in the group with mild flu syndrome than in the severe flu syndrome group (mild × severe - p< 0.001; Odds Ratio = 4.63; 95% CI [1.87-10.86]). This relationship was also maintained between patients with mild flu syndrome and critically-ill patients (mild × critical - p< 0.001; Odds Ratio = 9.28; 95% CI [3.52-25.53]). Conclusion Olfaction dysfunction was significantly more prevalent in patients with mild flu syndrome in COVID-19. It may be a predictor of a good prognosis for this infection. New population-based studies must be carried out to corroborate these findings.


Resumo Introdução Em maio de 2020, a Organização Mundial da Saúde reconheceu a disfunção do olfato como um sintoma da C-19. A presença de hiposmia/anosmia pode ser um marcador de bom prognóstico na Covid-19. Objetivos Relacionar a presença do transtorno do olfato à gravidade do quadro clínico nos pacientes com Covid-19. Método Foram recrutados indivíduos com síndrome gripal causada pelo SARS-CoV-2, diagnosticados de março a junho de 2020. Eles foram divididos em três grupos: síndrome gripal leve; síndrome gripal grave (internados em enfermarias) e doença crítica (internados em UTI). Os doentes internados foram entrevistados por ligação telefônica após alta hospitalar e também tiveram seus prontuários avaliados para registro de exames complementares; os ambulatoriais responderam a um questionário eletrônico com somente informações clínicas. Resultados Participaram do estudo 261 pacientes: 23,75% com síndrome gripal leve, 57,85% com síndrome gripal grave e 18,40% com doença crítica. Ocorreu alteração do olfato em 66,28% doentes com Covid-19. Dos indivíduos, 56,58% apresentaram duração da alteração do olfato entre 9 dias e 2 meses. Houve significativamente maior proporção de indivíduos com disfunção olfatória no grupo com síndrome gripal leve do que nos graves (leves × graves - p < 0,001; odds ratio = 4,63; 95% IC [1,87-10,86]). Essa relação também se manteve entre os doentes leves e críticos (leves × críticos - p < 0,001; odds ratio = 9,28; 95% IC [3,52-25,53]). Conclusão A disfunção do olfato foi significantemente mais prevalente nos doentes com síndrome gripal leve na Covid-19. Pode ser um preditor de bom prognóstico dessa infecção. Novos estudos populacionais devem ser feitos para corroborar esses achados.

16.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 88(1): 15-21, Jan.-Feb. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1364582

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Endoscopic transnasal access to the skull base, both for treatment and reconstruction, can cause olfactory morbidity. Knowing the main consequences of this intervention is essential to have objective criteria for decision-making regarding the appropriate surgical technique. Objectives The aim of this study is to determine the impact on olfactory function of the endonasal endoscopic access to the skull base with the creation of the nasoseptal flap. Methods A prospective research was carried out in which 22 patients who underwent endoscopic transnasal surgery at the skull base, with the creation of a nasoseptal flap. The Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center test was applied before and at the 1st, 3rd and 6th postoperative months. Results The results showed that only in the first month of follow-up the mean patient classification was statistically worse than at the other evaluation moments (p < 0.05), but there was no mean difference in the Connecticut score classification between the other moments (p > 0.05); that is, patients showed worsening in the 1st month and returned to the preoperative mean after the 3rd month of follow-up. Conclusion The present study showed that the postoperative decrease in olfaction is transient, since the patient's sense of smell returns to pre-surgical values in the 3rd postoperative month.


Resumo Introdução O acesso transnasal endoscópico à base do crânio, tanto no tratamento quanto na reconstrução, pode ocasionar morbidade olfatória. Conhecer as principais consequências dessa intervenção é fundamental para se dispor de elementos objetivos para a decisão da técnica cirúrgica adequada. Objetivo Determinar o impacto na função olfatória do acesso endoscópico endonasal à base do crânio com confecção do retalho nasosseptal. Método Foi feita pesquisa prospectiva na qual foram incluídos 22 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia endoscópica transnasal à base do crânio com confecção de retalho nasosseptal. Foi aplicado o teste Connecticut chemosensory clinical research center antes e após o 1°, 3° e 6° meses da cirurgia. Resultados Os resultados evidenciaram que apenas no 1° mês de seguimento a classificação média dos pacientes foi estatisticamente pior do que nos demais momentos de avaliação (p < 0,05), mas entre os demais momentos não houve diferença média na classificação do escore de Connecticut (p >0,05), ou seja, os pacientes pioraram no 1° mês e voltaram à média pré-operatória a partir do 3° mês de seguimento. Conclusão No presente estudo, demonstramos que a diminuição do olfato pós-operatória é transitória, já que, no 3° mês depois da cirurgia, o olfato do paciente retorna aos valores pré-cirúrgicos.

17.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 80(1): 75-83, Jan. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360132

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: The olfactory nerve has never been the shining star of neurological examination. Quite the contrary, examining the first cranial nerve is often an overlooked step. As cases of anosmia secondary to COVID-19 infection continue to rise, the 2020 pandemic has shed new light on this much-forgotten nerve, its value as an aid to diagnosis of several diseases and its central role in our daily lives. Objective: We aimed to emphasize how essential and simple clinical examination of the olfactory system can be by highlighting practical techniques and clinical tips for its assessment. We also share pearls and pitfalls in localization and differential diagnosis, which may prove valuable to busy clinicians. Methods: A broad review of the literature was conducted by searching PubMed, Cochrane and Google Scholar for articles and books containing topics regarding examination of the olfactory nerve and its anatomy, physiology and pathology. No particular inclusion or exclusion criteria were used. Results: Forty different works were found, between books and articles, from which 20 were selected after careful analysis. Conclusions: Despite the tragedy and adversity that followed the COVID-19 pandemic, its legacy has taught us a crystal-clear lesson: olfaction should no longer be neglected in clinical practice.


RESUMO Antecedentes: O nervo olfatório nunca foi a estrela do exame neurológico. Pelo contrário, o exame desse nervo craniano é um passo frequentemente ignorado. No entanto, o aumento exponencial de casos de anosmia secundária a COVID-19 o colocou sob os holofotes, tanto em relação á sua função para o ser humano em sociedade, como seu papel no auxílio do diagnóstico de diversas patologias. Objetivos: Enfatizar quão importante é examinar o nervo olfatório e compreender as desordens do seu sistema. Ressaltamos pérolas clínicas e erros comuns no exame deste nervo, além dicas que possam auxiliar no diagnóstico de uma série de doenças neurológicas e sistêmicas. Métodos: Uma ampla revisão da literatura foi conduzida por meio de busca no PubMed, Cochrane e Google Acadêmico por artigos e livros relacionados aos tópicos do exame físico, fisiologia, anatomia e patologia do nervo olfatório. Não foram utilizados critérios específicos de inclusão ou exclusão. Resultados: Foram encontrados 40 artigos itens relacionados na língua inglesa, dentre os quais livros e artigos, tendo sido analisados e selecionados um a um até o total de 20 referências. Conclusões: Apesar da tragédia e adversidade trazidas pela pandemia de COVID-19, uma lição clara permanece: o olfato não deve mais ser negligenciado na prática clínica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Anseriformes , COVID-19 , Olfaction Disorders/etiology , Olfactory Nerve , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2
18.
Acta otorrinolaringol. cir. cuello (En línea) ; 50(3): 195-200, 20220000. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1400893

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La identificación de los síntomas o sus combinaciones con un alto valor predictivo para la enfermedad, es una estrategia crucial para el control de las enfermedades transmisibles. Las alteraciones en el olfato y el gusto han surgido como síntomas de alta prevalencia y un confiable predictor temprano de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la prevalencia de las alteraciones del gusto y del olfato en pacientes con antecedente de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en la población colombiana. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se realizó una encuesta telefónica y electrónica a pacientes adultos con antecedente de infección por SARS-CoV-2 confirmado por PCR. Resultados: se incluyeron 182 pacientes en el estudio. El 59% manifestó alteraciones del olfato y 54% alteraciones del gusto. De estos, el 77% y 82%, respectivamente, presentaron mejoría de sus síntomas. El 14% de los participantes percibió las alteraciones del olfato antes del inicio de otros síntomas de COVID-19. El 9% reportó que la alteración del olfato fue el único síntoma de la infección. Para el gusto, 8% informó que fue el primer síntoma de COVID-19, mientras que el 6% reportó que fue el único síntoma. Conclusiones: las alteraciones del gusto y del olfato son síntomas de alta prevalencia en pacientes con infección por COVID-19 y en algunos casos pueden ser el síntoma de presentación de la infección o el único síntoma de la infección


Introduction: Identifying symptoms or symptom combinations with a high predictive value for diagnosing a disease is a crucial strategy for controlling transmissible diseases. Smell and taste alterations have been identified as highly prevalent symptoms of COVID-19 and have been used as a reliable early predictor of the disease. The objective in this study was characterizing the prevalence of smell and taste alterations in patients with COVID-19 in the Colombian population. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. A telephonic and electronic survey was applied to adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by PCR. Results: 182 patients were included. 59% presented with smell alterations and 54% with taste symptoms. Among these patients, 77% and 82% respectively perceived symptomatic improvement. 14% of patients presented smell alterations before the onset of other COVID-19 symptoms. 9% reported smell alterations to be the only symptom of the disease. 8% of patients perceived taste alterations as a first symptom and 6% reported it to be the only symptom of the disease. Conclusion: Taste and smell alterations are highly prevalent symptoms in Colombian patients with Covid-19 and in some cases they can be the either the first or the only perceived symptoms of the disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Taste Disorders/epidemiology , COVID-19/complications , Olfaction Disorders/epidemiology , Taste Disorders/virology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Octogenarians , Olfaction Disorders/virology
19.
Acta otorrinolaringol. cir. cuello (En línea) ; 50(3)20220000. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1400909

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es una enfermedad pandémica, que ha causado más de seis millones de muertes en todo el mundo. El cuadro clínico de la infección puede variar en función de la gravedad de la enfermedad y suele incluir síntomas generales, otorrinolaringológicos y neurológicos. Objetivo: proporcionar una revisión narrativa de la literatura científica sobre el diagnóstico clínico y tratamiento de la disfunción olfatoria relacionada con COVID-19. Resultados: la disfunción olfatoria definida como la capacidad reducida o distorsionada de oler al inhalar (olfato ortonasal) o al comer (olfato retronasal), a menudo se informa en casos leves o incluso asintomáticos. La prevalencia de la disfunción olfatoria puede variar con respecto al entorno clínico, con tasas de pérdida total del olfato hasta del 70 % en pacientes con COVID-19 leve. Además, hasta la fecha existen pocos artículos que evalúen prospectivamente las tasas de recuperación de la disfunción olfatoria en pacientes con COVID-19. Conclusión: COVID-19 se asocia con disfunción olfatoria en diversos pacientes. Se requiere una investigación activa y colaborativa para delinear la historia natural y el manejo apropiado de la disfunción olfatoria en esta virulenta enfermedad. Mientras tanto, el diagnóstico y los tratamientos dirigidos como el entrenamiento olfatorio pueden ser útiles en la disfunción olfatoria relacionada con COVID-19.


Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 is a pandemic disease that has caused more than six million deaths worldwide. The clinical picture of the infection can vary depending on the severity of the disease and usually includes general, ENT and neurological symptoms. Objective: To provide a narrative review of the scientific literature on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of olfactory dysfunction related to coronavirus disease 2019. Results: Olfactory dysfunction defined as the reduced or distorted ability to smell when inhaling (orthonasal smell) or when eating (postnasal smell), is often reported in mild or even asymptomatic cases. The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction can vary with respect to the clinical setting, with rates of total loss of smell as high as 70% in patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019. In addition, to date there is a paucity of articles prospectively evaluating recovery rates of olfactory dysfunction in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Conclusion: Coronavirus disease 2019 is associated with olfactory dysfunction in various patients. Active and collaborative research is required to delineate the natural history and appropriate management of olfactory dysfunction in this virulent disease. In the meantime, diagnosis and targeted treatments such as olfactory training may be helpful in olfactory dysfunction related to coronavirus disease 2019.


Subject(s)
Humans , COVID-19/complications , Olfaction Disorders/virology , SARS-CoV-2 , Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis , Olfaction Disorders/therapy
20.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1413922

ABSTRACT

Introducción: las alteraciones otorrinolaringológicas en pacientes con COVID-19 tienen particular importancia a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, todavía no hay consenso en la literatura acerca de la epidemiología, la gravedad y el tiempo de recuperación de estos trastornos. Objetivo: este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la asociación entre los síntomas otorrinolaringológicos y la positividad del SARS-CoV-2 confirmada mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de transcripción inversa (RT-PCR), así como la gravedad, duración y recuperación de estos síntomas en pacientes de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, un hospital de referencia de COVID-19 en Bogotá, Colombia. Métodos: estudio observacional, prospectivo, tipo casos y controles, realizado entre el 9 de octubre de 2020 y el 14 de enero de 2021. Los casos incluyeron adultos que obtuvieron una prueba positiva para el SARS-CoV-2 mediante RT-PCR. Los casos se emparejaron en una proporción de 2:1 con adultos sintomáticos seleccionados al azar con una prueba negativa, o con pacientes prequirúrgicos. Resultados: se incluyeron 130 casos y 253 controles entre los 10.004 pacientes sometidos a la prueba del SARS-CoV-2. La edad media era de 41,8 años (desviación estándar [DE]: 16,3). Los síntomas otorrinolaringológicos asociados a la positividad al SARS-CoV-2 fueron anosmia/hiposmia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5,82; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 %: 1,92-17,68), disgeusia/hipogeusia (aOR: 9,09; IC del 95 %: 2,86-28,92) y tos seca (aOR: 3,18; IC del 95 %: 1,56-6,48). La duración media de la anosmia/hiposmia y de la disgeusia/hipogeusia en los pacientes con SARS-CoV-2 positivos fue de 14,5 días y 15 días (rango intercuartílico [IQR]: 8-27), respectivamente. Hasta el 70,3 % y el 67,5 % de la población informó de una recuperación completa de la anosmia/hiposmia y la disgeusia/hipogeusia. En cuanto a la gravedad de los síntomas de anosmia/hiposmia y disgeusia/hipogeusia, el 62,1 % y el 65,4 % de la población positiva para SARS-CoV-2 los clasificó como graves. Sin embargo, solo el 6,1 % de ellos recibió tratamiento para estos síntomas. Conclusiones: los síntomas otorrinolaringológicos asociados con la positividad para SARS-CoV-2 son útiles para orientar el diagnóstico, pero establecer sus características clínicas también es esencial para un tratamiento adecuado.


Introduction: Otolaryngological disorders in COVID-19 patients have drawn attention worldwide. However, there is still no consensus regarding the prevalence, severity or recovery of these disorders. This study aimed to assess the association between otolaryngological symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 positivity confirmed by RT-PCR, as well as the severity, duration, and recovery of these symptoms in patients receiving care at Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, a COVID-19 referral hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: Observational, analytic, prospective, case-control study conducted between October 9, 2020, and January 14, 2021. Cases included adults who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cases were matched in a 2:1 ratio with randomly selected symptomatic adults with a negative test, or patients awaiting surgery. Results: Of 10004 patients tested for SARS-CoV-2, 130 cases and 253 controls were included. The mean age was 41.8 years (standard deviation [SD]: 16.3). The otolaryngological symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity were anosmia/hyposmia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.82; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.92-17.68), dysgeusia/ hypogeusia (aOR: 9.09; 95% CI: 2.86-28.92), and dry cough (aOR: 3.18; 95% CI: 1.56-6.48). The median duration of anosmia/hyposmia and dysgeusia/hypogeusia in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients was 14.5 days and 15 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 8-27), respectively. Up to 70.3% and 67.5% of the population reported a complete recovery of anosmia/hyposmia and dysgeusia/hypogeusia. Regarding the severity of anosmia/hyposmia and dysgeusia/hypogeusia symptoms, 62.1% and 65.4% of the SARS-CoV-2 positive population classified them as severe. However, only 6.1% of them received treatment for these symptoms. Conclusions: Otolaryngological symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity are a useful guide to diagnosis, although adequate treatment also requires determination of their clinical characteristics.


Subject(s)
Humans , Olfaction Disorders , SARS-CoV-2
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